Table des matières
- Rafeiro do Alentejo
- Learning Hub
- Origin and History
- Is Rafeiro Do Alentejo Child-Friendly?
- Temperament, Behavior, and Personality
- Trainability
- Facts
- Health Issues
- Colors
- Puppies
- Similar Dog Breeds to Rafeiro Do Alentejo
- Origines du chien Fila de São Miguel
- Allure
- Robe
- Caractère
- Santé et soins
- Entretien
- Cao de Castro Laboreiro
- Informations FCI
- Historique de la race
- Particularités physiques
- Comportement et caractère
- Comportement avec les autres
- Education
- Conditions de vie
- Santé
- Espérance de vie
- Entretien et hygiène
- Prix et budget
- Activité physique
- Autres
Rafeiro do Alentejo
In prehistoric times, a mighty race of canines was used by the ancients in many capacities. These impressively large and fierce dogs were known as Molossers, named for the Molossian people of western Greece, by whom the breed was first developed. So trusted, and so powerful were these dogs that the peoples of the ancient world would use them to supplement their armies, as guardians of their flocks and property, and even in hunting large game animals like lions and wild horses. The first records of a Molosser-type dog go back to the time of the Trojan War, approximately 2800 B.C. It is noted that the Greeks would bring these dogs along with them when they set their ships afloat upon the ancient seas.
As the Greeks spread their culture throughout the known world, they would also spread the genes of that ancient race of dog. From these archaic and noble beginnings, would evolve many large breed dogs that would over centuries, take on their own specific characteristics based on geography and the genetics available to them. From the Molossers, many well known breeds would be created; dogs like the St. Bernard, the Boxer, and most of the Mountain Dog breeds claim lineage with this ancient breed. The Mastiff breeds that have developed throughout the world are thought to be descended from the original Molosser-type, believed to have been traveling with Alexander the Great during his military campaigns. The popular Mastiff breeds would go on to populate all areas of the world, although how and when they specifically ended up in certain locations may always be lost to history and legend. Although many well known breeds would spring forth from this ancient gene-pool, from the Molosser-type an uncommon breed would also develop. The Rafeiro do Alentejo of Portugal also claims to descend from the grand Molosser breed.
The Rafeiro do Alentejo is as thus, a mixed-breed dog which developed genetically without any intended assistance from its human companions, as opposed to a cross-breed which occurs when two dogs are specifically bred with one another to produce a particular result. The true lineage of the breed is unknown and still being debated and many theories have been given to explain the origins of the Rafeiro do Alentejo. It is believed that the Rafeiro do Alentejo counts the Tibetan Mastiff in its ancestry. The breed may therefore, have had its genesis in the Tibetan Highlands and traveled west across Asia Minor and as far as the Atlantic during the time of the Roman conquests.
Other theories include the Anatolian Shepherd Dog as being in the ancestry of the breed and even the St. John’s Water Dog (the ancestor of today’s modern retriever breeds) has been mentioned as a possible ancestor. The Estrela Mountain Dog and the Mastin de Espanol are certainly probable ancestors to the Rafeiro do Alentejo. It is known that in the winter, the Estrela Mountain Dogs would travel south into Alentejo and mate with the local dog breeds. The Mastin de Espanol also traveled into Alentejo from the south with the changing seasons. Thus these two dog breeds likely lent their genes to the local stock of puppies being whelped in Alentejo.
Although the exact lineage and history of this breed is left to legend, guesswork, and speculation; what is known to be true is that the Rafeiro do Alentejo breed has been in Portugal since ancient times, and hundreds of years of evolution and development has created in this type, a dog breed with its own very specific and unique characteristics both physically and temperamentally as well; making the Rafeiro do Alentejo distinguishable from other similar types regionally.
Historical records indicate that the ancient tribes living on the Iberian Peninsula had as their main subsistence, livestock; mainly sheep and cattle. These tribes are therefore considered responsible for developing the Rafeiro do Alentejo into a livestock and guardian breed, known for being large, stocky, and having great strength and power. The dogs were used to protect the herds from neighboring tribes as well as wild predators. The geographical concerns and climactic difficulties of the region meant, from early times, that it was necessary to move the herds seasonally in order to have adequate land for the animals to graze on. Therefore, the Rafeiro do Alentejo was used to drive large herds of sheep and cattle to pasture and back annually. Because of their usefulness, the Rafeiro do Alentejo breed, along with other similar working dogs from neighboring regions, became greatly esteemed by the local people.
Over time, as populations began to give up their nomadic ways and settle into more permanent living situations, the job of the livestock dogs would change. No longer needed for driving and guarding the herds, the Rafeiro do Alentejo became a guardian of property. The wealthy citizens of Portugal began to make use of the breed as guard dogs on their large rural estates. With this change in profession, the implication of the breed’s name would also change. Originally understood to imply a “mongrel”, the word rafeiro evolved to mean things like big, strong, brave, and protector. Both the original meaning and the later translation when combined give the most accurate description of the Rafeiro do Alentejo breed; a big, strong, protective dog developed out of a mix of local breeds.
As the Rafeiro do Alentejo continued to develop as a guard dog to the wealthy Portuguese landowners, Portugal itself would also continue to develop successfully and become an important world power in Europe during the 15th and 16th centuries. The Rafeiro do Alentejo breed would become a symbol of the power of the Portuguese aristocracy at this time. A multifunctional dog, the Rafeiro do Alentejo was used by the nobility of Portugal to protect their large estates, to hunt large game such as wild boar, and were kept as loyal companions. Various Portuguese Kings were known to fancy the Rafeiro do Alentejo breed, and would keep them in packs as hunting companions. At this time, Portugal was involved in the colonization of non-European lands. The Rafeiro do Alentejo was consequently exported to the Azore Islands and even as far as South America.
For many decades Portugal would enjoy wealth, power, and status among the European monarchies. However, Portugal, like so many world powers, would see its own demise. The loss of status as a powerful European monarchy would occur with the destruction of the capital city of Lisbon in 1755 during an earthquake experienced there. The following centuries would bring the Napoleonic Wars, and the gaining of independent status of Portugal’s most important colony in the New World, Brazil, in 1822. The difficulties for Portugal would continue, and a revolution in the early part of the 20th century would dissolve the monarchy there completely. Many of the wealthy landowners of Portugal were murdered during the revolution. The Rafeiro do Alentejo, being a symbol of the royal monarchy and its wealth and power, experienced a similar fate as their unfortunate masters. Seeing the sad fate of the Rafeiro do Alentejo breed, two cynologists, Antonio Cabral and Filipe Romeiras, became interested in the breed and its future. The two began to document the breed and its present circumstance. From their work, the first breed standard was developed for the Rafeiro do Alentejo in 1953.
After the first revolution, Portugal would be controlled for the following decades by oppressive governments, leading to another revolution in 1974. The working class of Portugal revolted against the landowners once again. They created an occupation and attempted to prevent the landowners from entering their estates. As the Rafeiro do Alentejo was a natural guardian and developed to be a loyal and protective companion to those who care for it, the breed was loyal to the workers who were employed as their caregivers by the wealthy owners of the estates. The landowners were sadly forced to kill their own dogs just to gain access to their properties. The political circumstances of Portugal as well as the revolutions that the country experienced contributed to a dramatic decline in the population of the majestic Rafeiro do Alentejo breed during the 1960’s and 1970’s.
By the 1980’s, it was probable that the Rafeiro do Alentejo breed would not survive for much longer. The efforts of The Faculty of Veterinaries in Evora, and the dedicated work of some lovers of the Rafeiro do Alentejo breed would prove to be enough to prevent the extinction of the breed. The development of the Rafeiro do Alentejo continues today, and the breed is no longer in danger of disappearing. The Rafeiro do Alentejo currently has two dog clubs dedicated to the breed, in Portugal. They are the Association de Criadores do Rafeiro do Alentejo and the Clube Portuguese do Rafeiro do Alentejo. The current breed standard used by these clubs for the Rafeiro do Alentejo was rewritten in 1996.
The Rafeiro do Alentejo was one of the first dog breeds recognized by the Federation Cynologique Internationale. In 2005, the Rafeiro do Alentejo was recorded in the American Kennel Club’s (AKC) Foundation Stock Service, being assigned to the Working Group. The breed has been given full recognition as the Alentejo Mastiff by the United Kennel Club (UKC) operating out of the United States, in the Guardian Dog Group. The breed is allowed to be sold under the name Rafeiro do Alentejo as well as the name Portuguese Mastiff, and is promoted as a rare breed. Although generally valued more recently as a watchdog or guard-dog, the Rafeiro do Alentejo is sometimes still used as a superb hunting companion.
Learning Hub
The Rafeiro do Alentejo – also called the Alentejo Mastiff – is an old Portuguese dog breed developed to protect herds of sheep and cattle. The dogs are believed to stem from Molosser type dogs from Tibet that came to Europe thousands of years ago. These are very large dogs that weigh up to 135 lbs, and they require an Extra Large PlexiDor Dog Door.
These dogs are calm, self confident, and highly independent. They are affectionate with their family and will bravely protect the people, households, sheep, and cattle they perceive to be under their protection. They’re not aggressive, but protective, and they are particularly watchful during nighttime.
Puppies mature slowly and need to be watched when young; they don’t realize their limits and tend to overexert themselves with running, jumping, and climbing stairs. The breed is known to be suspicious against strangers, and it is wise to subject the puppies to many different environments and people.
Being independent and bred to make decisions on their own, training a Rafeiro do Alentejo requires consistency and patience. They love affection and are eager to receive it, but won’t submit to a human’s every whim. They don’t see the point in sitting, standing, sitting, lying down, sitting, high-fiving, and so on, and they prefer to save their energy for real work.
Besides the seasonal shedding period they require a minimum of grooming. They are generally calm indoors and don’t require excessive amounts of exercise, but should get a longer walk or a jog every day.
The PlexiDor Extra Large is the right size dog door for a Rafeiro do Alentejo.
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Country of Origin | Portugal |
Nicknames and Other Names | Alentejo Mastiff Portuguese Mastiff Mutt of Alentejo |
Scientific Name | Canis lupus familiaris |
Breed Type | Purebred |
Group | Guardian Group |
Bred For | Guarding livestock |
Size | Large-sized |
Recognized By | AKC, FCI, UKC |
Life Span | 12-14 years |
Ideal Weight | Male: 110-132 pounds Female: 100-121 pounds |
Ideal Height | Male: 27-28 inches Female: 25-28 inches |
Fur Type | Short, thick, straight |
Common Colors | Black, Yellow, Brindle, Wolfgray, Yellow |
Markings | White markings, Spotted on White, Black Mask |
Availability | Moderately available |
Achievements | Biggest Portuguese canine breed |
Suitable for Apartments | Not suitable |
Used in World War | No |
Most Similar To | Anatolian Shepherd dog |
Rafeiro do Alentejo is a large-sized dog which is also known as Portuguese Mastiff or Alentejo Mastiff. They were breed to be a guarding dog for the livestock. They were excellent guarding dogs of the local livestock.
These are the Mastiff-type dog with a large, bear-like head. The eyes are dark and expressive and the ears are triangular-shaped that hangs close to the eye. Their neck is short and the body is bulky and well-muscled.
Rafeiro do Alentejo has a very dense coat where the top coat is harsh and straight. The undercoat is short, soft and thick that keeps them warm in the winter season. They are a very quiet and serious dog that cannot be hard to handle for a first-time owner. therefore they need an experienced dog owner.
Origin and History
Rafeiro do Alentejo is originated in Portugal and believed to be decedent from Tibetan Mastiff. At first, they were bred and used as a hunting dog and later were used as guard dogs of flocks and people’s properties. They were even used as a hunting dog for big game like lions and wild horses.
It is assumed that the Greeks brought Rafeiro do Alentejo along with them as they set their ships afloat upon the ancient seas.
The United Kennel Club recognized Rafeiro do Alentejo in 2006. The American Kennel Club is still yet to recognizes this breed which has kept it in the Foundation Stock Service since 2005.
Is Rafeiro Do Alentejo Child-Friendly?
Rafeiro do Alentejo is very tolerant of family children and is loving and gentle towards them. They will play with them and are very protective of them. However, they are not best suited for small children because of their large-sized body. They might unknowingly knock on small kids and injure them. Therefore, their interaction with children should be supervised and children should be taught to approach dogs.
Rafeiro do Alentejo sitting with a baby.
Image Source: Instagram- @julietjuliet
Temperament, Behavior, and Personality
Temperament: The temperament of Rafeiro do Alentejo is powerful, loyal, and devoted. They are alert of the activities going on in the surrounding and responds quickly to it. Therefore, they make a great guard dog that looks after your family and your property.
Behavior: The Rafeiro do Alentejo is a very calm dog and is not aggressive at all unless they are provoked extensively. They will show their aggressive behavior if he feels that someone or something is a threat to its people and its territory. Otherwise, this is a calm and docile dog.
Personality: The personality of the Rafeiro do Alentejo is calm, brave, and independent. They are an intelligent and alert dog that is very wary of the activities going on in the surrounding. They are naturally suspicious of strangers which makes them an excellent watchdog. If they see any stranger approaching, they will warn their owner with a loud bark.
Trainability
Training Rafeiro do Alentejo is not a job for a first-time dog owner. They are a serious, independent, and sometimes stubborn dogs that need experienced dog owner, who knows his the behavior of dogs closely.
Establish leadership upon them and train them with confident and patient. Treat them gently and do not use harsh words or force hand on them. this might scare them or they can even become aggressive. reward them with treats and use a lot of vocal praises to encourage and motivate them.
Facts
- Rafeiro do Alentejo is known to be more active at night than during a day.
- According to the American Kennel Club, it is known as the biggest Portuguese canine breed.
- By 1980s, Rafeiro do Alentejo were nearly extinct but thanks to the few Portugal breeders that work to save this breed from becoming extinct.
- Rafeiro do Alentejo is also known by the name “Alentejo Mastiff”.
Health Issues
General Health | Healthy |
Common Health Issues | Obesity, Hip Dysplasia, Patellar Luxation, Eye Problem, Bloat |
Hypoallergenic | No |
Vaccination Required | Canine Distemper, Canine Parainfluenza, Kennel Cough, Canine Coronavirus, Rabies, Canine Parvovirus, Leptospirosis |
Shedding | Moderate Shedder |
Drooling | Average Drooler |
Grooming | Easy and Minimal Grooming Required |
Weight Gain Potential | Average to High |
Separation Anxiety | High Chance |
Allergies | None |
Diets and Supplements | Protein: 30% Fat: 10% Omega-3 and 6 Fatty Acids Antioxidants Glucosamine Digestive Enzymes |
Rafeiro do Alentejo is generally a healthy breed with an average life span of 12-14 year. Although they can face few canine diseases during their lifetime which are listed below:
- Hip Dysplasia: Rafeiro do Alentejo might suffer from hip dysplasia as this condition is mostly seen in a larger breed of dogs. This situation is caused mainly due to underdeveloped or dislocation of the hip joints. Due to this, there will be sharp pain on the back of the dog causing them difficult to move from one place to another. Therefore, they should be taken vet for a consult.
- Bloat: Boalt is a condition where the abdomen of the Rafeiro do Alentejo balloons up. It is also known as gastric which is caused due to improper eating and diets. It causes pain in the stomach and your dog will not eat properly. Therefore, if you see a swollen or ballooning stomach, consult a vet before it becomes serious. It can also be cured by giving a proper diet to your dog in routine.
Colors
Rafeiro Do Alentejo comes in following colors and markings:
- Black
- Brindle
- Fawn
- Wolfgray
- Yellow
- Markings: spotted on white, spotted on white, black mask, white marking, white marking, black mask.
Puppies
- Image Source: regiao-sul.pt
- Image Source: Pintrest
Cost:
Height and Size: The average height of a Rafeiro Do Alentejo is between 25-29 inches. The average weight is between 77-132 pounds.
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Le chien Fila de São Miguel est un molosse traditionnellement utilisé comme bouvier.
Origines du chien Fila de São Miguel
Le chien Fila de São Miguel est un chien originaire du village de São Miguel, situé dans l’archipel des Açores au Portugal. Il descend des dogues importés par les marins, et du fila de Terceira, race aujourd’hui disparue. Il a été traditionnellement utilisé pour la garde des troupeaux de vaches, et l’est toujours aujourd’hui par les bergers portugais. Il est d’ailleurs surnommé chien à vaches dans son pays d’origine.
Le chien Fila de São Miguel a été reconnu tardivement par la Fédération Cynologique Internationale, en 2007. Le standard de la race a par ailleurs commencé à se fixer au début du XXe siècle, pour devenir officiel dans les années 1980. En France, c’est une race encore assez confidentielle.
Allure
Le chien Fila de São Miguel est un chien de taille moyenne, de type molossoïde. Son corps, d’aspect robuste, s’inscrit dans un rectangle. Fort et musclé, il possède une poitrine large et descendue, et une croupe un peu relevée, un peu plus élevée que le garrot.
La tête du chien Fila de São Miguel est forte, anguleuse, avec un stop marqué. La longueur du museau est légèrement inférieure à celle du crâne. Les yeux sont de forme ovale, de taille moyenne, placés horizontalement. Ils sont de couleur brun foncé. Les oreilles sont triangulaires, de taille moyenne. La tradition veut qu’elles soient taillées de manière arrondie dans les pays où la pratique n’est pas interdite. La queue est grosse, recourbée et attachée haut.
Le chien de Fila de São Miguel mesure entre 50 et 60 cm et pèse entre 25 et 35 kg pour les mâles et entre 48 et 58 cm pour 20 30 kg pour les femelles.
Robe
Le poil du chien Fila de São Miguel est court, dense, lisse. La couleur est le fauve, le sable charbonné ou le jaune, toujours bringée.
Source : Science Source
Caractère
Le chien Fila de São Miguel est intelligent, docile avec son maître, mais qui dispose malgré tout d’un caractère fort. Il est méfiant avec les étrangers, ce qui en fait un très bon chien de garde. Il n’en reste pas moins un chien calme et gentil, qui apprécie les marques d’affection. Il peut cependant parfois être agressif avec ses congénères et n’apprécie pas du tout les chats.
Comme tous les chiens, le Fila de São Miguel doit être sociabilisé le plus tôt possible. Son éducation doit être ferme, mais jamais avec violence. C’est un chien intelligent, qui aura l’apprentissage facile.
Santé et soins
Le chien Fila de São Miguel ne souffre d’aucun problème de santé propre à sa race. Attention toutefois à la dysplasie de la hanche, en raison de sa grande taille.
Entretien
L’entretien du chien Fila de São Miguel est très facile. Un brossage toutes les deux semaines suffira amplement à entretenir son poil. Côté exercice, c’est un chien qui a besoin de se dépenser, et il aura ainsi besoin de longues promenades quotidiennes où il pourra expulser son énergie. Il peut vivre en ville, à condition de pouvoir courir régulièrement. Le maître idéal pour le chien Fila de São Miguel est un maître sportif, qui apprécie par exemple le footing et qui est disposé à emmener son chien avec lui.
Cao de Castro Laboreiro
Le Cao de Castro Laboreiro est un chien de grande taille et dont le type se rapproche du mâtin. Robuste et rustique, il est le chien montagnard par excellence. Sa morphologie à la fois vigoureuse et harmonieusement développée, ainsi que sa robe gris loup bringée sont des traits physiques caractéristiques de la race du Cao de Castro Laboreiro. Son regard sérieux, voire sévère, l’est également.
Court
Portugal
Grand
Longue
Poids et taille | ||
Sexe | Poids | Taille |
---|---|---|
Femelle | De 25 kg à 35 kg | De 55 cm à 61 cm |
Mâle | De 30 kg à 40 kg | De 58 cm à 64 cm |
Informations FCI
N° FCI
170
Groupe FCI
Groupe 2 : Chiens de type Pinscher et Schnauzer – Molossoïdes et chiens de montagne et de bouvier suisses et autres races
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Historique de la race
Le Cao de Castro Laboreiro correspond à une race très ancienne. C’est à son village d’origine, Castro Laboreiro, qu’il doit son nom. Il se situe dans une région montagneuse du nord du Portugal. C’est donc tout naturellement que le Cao de Castro Laboreiro s’est imposé comme le principal chien de bergers et de fermiers de la région. Sa rusticité, sa robustesse et son caractère ont bâti sa légende auprès des locaux. Peu à peu, il s’est également distingué comme chien de garde et de famille. La race du Cao de Castro Laboreiro a été reconnue à titre définitif par la Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) le 24 mai 1955.
Particularités physiques
Son poil : court (5 cm environ), terne, de texture lisse, bien couché et assez épais. Encore plus court et plus dense sur la tête et les oreilles, en dessous du coude et du jarret. Il n’y a pas de sous-poil.
Sa couleur : gris loup (appelée « louvet »), idéalement « couleur montagne » (bringée, basée sur différentes nuances de gris et charbonnée de noir plus ou moins foncé) selon les locaux qui côtoient la race.
Sa tête : moyennement grande, assez légère, sèche, recouverte d’une peau charnue mais pas ridée, allongée et de forme rectangulaire. Le stop n’est pas marqué et est plus proche de la truffe. La truffe est noire, bien développée, grande et alignée au chanfrein. Le museau est long, droit et fort, les lèvres bien fendues et peu apparentes. Les mâchoires sont puissantes et articulées en ciseaux, voire en pince.
Ses oreilles : de forme quasi triangulaire, de taille moyenne, peu épaisses, attachées assez haut, tombant de part et d’autre de la tête, tournées vers l’avant lorsque le chien est attentif.
Ses yeux : en amande, de dimensions moyennes, obliques, de couleur marron clair à foncé en accord avec la robe. Affichant une expression sévère et sérieuse.
Son corps : modérément long, robuste. Le cou est bien développé et bien rattaché à l’ensemble, portant la tête haut et droit. Le dos est moyennement long et fort. La croupe est courte, musclée et légèrement inclinée. La poitrine est de forme ovale. Le ventre n’a que très peu de volume, contrastant avec le sternum.
Sa queue : forte à son attache, attachée haut, atteignant le jarret et tombant entre les fesses au repos. Dépassant la ligne du dessus lorsque le chien est en éveil. Couverte d’un poil long et épais.
Comportement et caractère
Comportement avec les autres
Le Cao de Castro Laboreiro est un chien au tempérament équilibré. En famille, il fait preuve d’une loyauté et d’une docilité remarquables. Il est naturellement méfiant envers les étrangers. Un trait de caractère lié à ses domaines de prédilection : la garde et la surveillance. Le Cao de Castro Laboreiro se révèle, en effet, être un protecteur de troupeaux de tout premier ordre. Il éloigne ainsi toute tentative d’approche de loups ou de tout autre prédateur.
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Education
L’éducation du Cao de Castro Laboreiro doit se faire avec un mélange équilibré de fermeté et de douceur. La brutalité et l’injustice sont à écarter de son apprentissage. Loyal et voulant faire plaisir à son maître, il lui est un compagnon des plus agréables et un partenaire de travail dévoué.
Conditions de vie
Le Cao de Castro Laboreiro préfère vivre dans une maison avec un grand jardin clôturé, idéalement à la campagne, que dans un appartement.
Santé
On n’attribue pas à la race du Cao de Castro Laboreiro de prédisposition particulière à une quelconque maladie. Il s’agit d’un chien résistant et à la santé globalement solide.
Pour vous prémunir de ces risques et assurer votre compagnon en cas de problèmes de santé, Woopets vous conseille une assurance pour chien Cao de Castro Laboreiro.
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Espérance de vie
Minimum : 10ans
Maximum : 13ans
L’espérance de vie d’un Cao de Castro Laboreiro se situe, en moyenne, entre 10 ans et 13 ans.
Calculer l’âge humain de votre Cao de Castro Laboreiro !
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Entretien et hygiène
Le Cao de Castro Laboreiro ne demande pas un entretien poussé. Régulièrement brossé, il reste ainsi propre et en bonne santé.
Il est recommandé de brosser le chien une fois par semaine pour maintenir la propreté et l’aspect de sa robe.
Prix et budget
Prix d’achat
Mini 500€
Maxi 1000€
Le prix d’achat d’un Cao de Castro Laboreiro se situe entre 500€ et 1000€.
Coût d’entretien annuel
Mini NC
Maxi NC
Le coût d’entretien annuel d’un Cao de Castro Laboreiro se situe entre NC et NC.
Aucun nom n’est actuellement proposé. Utilisez notre outil pour trouver le nom de votre Cao de Castro Laboreiro !
Activité physique
Le Cao de Castro Laboreiro doit pouvoir bénéficier de longues sorties quotidiennes pour se dépenser. Il a besoin d’activités régulières aux côtés de son maître, avec des exercices stimulant à la fois ses aptitudes physiques et ses capacités mentales.
Autres
Calme